Basics, object-oriented design
- Access specifiers
- Constructors

Basics, object-oriented design

Access specifiers

public:

indicates that a member function or data member is accessible to other functions and member of other classes

private:

makes a data member or member function accessible only to member functions of the class; private is default access for class members

protected:

makes a data member function accessible to subclasses

Make 'set' and 'get' member functions to check and change private variables of a class. 'Set' function is better to have data validation.

Constructors

Functions used to initialize an object's data when it is created.

call made implicitly when object is created
must be defines with the same name as the class
cannot return values (not even void)

Default constructors have no parameters. The compiler will provide one when a class does not include a constructor itself. Compiler's default constructor implicitly calls constructors of data members that are objects of classes.

Use cascading while assigning values: var1 = var2 = var3 … = vark = value

Instead of if/else → value/value form we can use simpler form: (condition) ? if_ture : if_false

e.g.: x = (y>=100) ? "greater than 100" : "less than or equal to 100"